Propylene chemical properties
Release time:
2021-11-22
The chemical properties of propylene are determined by its double bond and the hydrogen atom on the allyl group. In the molecular structure of propylene, only the projection on the main plane shows a low degree of symmetry, making it the smallest stable-state unsaturated hydrocarbon. This asymmetry is also manifested in the dipole moment of propylene is only 0.35D, which is prone to various types of chemical reactions. The carbon atoms at position 1 and 2 are the same as the molecular structure of ethylene. On the same triangular plane, they cannot rotate freely due to the existence of double bonds. The carbon atom at position 3 is in a tetrahedron like methane and can rotate freely. The hydrogen atom on it is attracted by the carbon atom. The hydrogen atom on the allyl group is the main reason that makes its chemical properties different from ethylene.
Propylene molecules can undergo self-addition reactions. When phosphoric acid, boron fluoride or sulfuric acid are used as catalysts on solids, the reaction proceeds according to the carbanion mechanism. At low temperatures, the main product of propylene dimerization is 4-methyl- 2-pentene.
For example, alkyl alkali metal and certain alkali metal compounds are used as catalysts to dimerize propylene. The reaction proceeds in the direction of carbanion, and the product is mainly 4-methyl-1-pentene. Due to the asymmetry of the propylene molecule, the displacement of the double bond and the conversion of the cis-trans structure at the same time, the product composition may include various hexene isomers and olefins above C6. C6 olefins can be used as raw materials for synthetic polymers, gasoline blending agents, etc. [4].
Propylene is oligomerized on an acid catalyst to produce nonene and dodecene. When propylene is co-oligomerized with a mixture of butene, the polymer contains a large amount of heptene.
Using aluminum alkyl and titanium trichloride as catalysts or metallocene and methylaluminoxane as catalysts, propylene polymerization is carried out in bulk, emulsion or gas phase at a certain temperature and pressure to obtain polypropylene.
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