A brief discussion on the cleaning agent of lubricating oil additive
Release time:
2023-01-30
With the development of industrial technology, modern equipment requirements of high speed, high performance, high automation, high efficiency and long life, in terms of lubrication simply with mineral oil lubrication materials has been difficult to meet. Adding a small amount of other substances to a lubricating material can improve its performance, give it new characteristics, to meet the increasingly harsh use environment, these substances are called lubricating oil additives.
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Adding different additives to oil is the most economical and effective means to improve oil quality. Generally speaking, the variety and quality of lubricating oil often depend on the variety and quality of additives, so developing the production and use of additives has become an important way to make reasonable and effective use of resources, improve equipment performance and save energy.
Lubricating oil additives can be divided into cleaning agent, dispersant, antioxidant anti-corrosion agent, extreme pressure anti-wear
agent, oiliness agent and friction improver, antioxidant and metal deactivated agent, viscosity index improver, rust inhibitor, point reducing agent, anti-foam agent, etc. We will introduce the using of lubricating oil additives by several articles.
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- Introduction of cleansing agent
Cleaning agent is mainly used for internal combustion engine oil (engine oil, diesel oil, railway diesel engine oil, two stroke engine oil and Marine engine oil). Its main function is to keep the engine interior clean, so that the generated insoluble substances are colloidal suspension state, inhibit the further formation of carbon, paint film or sludge. Specifically, its functions can be divided into acid neutralization, solubilization, dispersion and washing.
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II. Function of Detergent
- Acid neutralization: The clean dispersant generally has a certain alkaline, some even high alkaline, it can neutralize the organic and inorganic acids generated by the oxidation of lubricating oil, prevent its further condensation, thus reducing the paint film, but also can prevent the corrosion of these acidic substances on the engine parts.
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2) Solubilization: Purifying dispersants are surfactants, which can dissolve solid or liquid substances that cannot be dissolved in oil in the micellar center composed of 5-20 surfactant molecules. In the process of use, it will dissolve oxygen compounds containing hydroxyl, carbonyl, carboxyl, nitro-compounds, water, etc. into micelles to form colloids. It can prevent further oxidation and condensation, reduce the formation and accumulation of harmful sediment on engine components.
3) Dispersion: can adsorb the generated carbon and paint film and other solid particles, so that it becomes a colloidal solution state dispersed in the oil, and it can prevent these substances to further condense into large particles and adhere to the machine parts, or deposition for sludge.
4）Clean: It can wash the paint film and carbon deposits that have been adsorbed on the surface of the parts and disperse them in the oil to keep the engine and metal surface clean.
The structure of the cleaning agent is basically composed of three groups: oleophilic, polar and hydrophilic. Because of the different structure, the performance of the cleaning agent is different.
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III. Classification of cleaning agent
The typical representative of the cleaning agent are sulfonate, alkyl phenol salt and salicylate. Depending on the chemical structure, there are mainly magnesium, calcium, barium formed compounds. According to the different chemical composition and base value, the detergent in different oil products meet the use of oil products through different components of the combination and dosage.
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- Sulfonate
Item | Metal content % | TBN /mgKOH/g | |
HY104 | Low base calcium petroleum sulfonate | ≥2.0 | 20--30 |
HY105 | Medium base calcium petroleum sulfonate | ≥6.85 | ≥145 |
HY106 | High base calcium petroleum sulfonate | ≥11.6 | ≥290 |
HY106D | Super basic calcium petroleum sulfonate | ≥15.0 | ≥390 |
HY107 | Super basic magnesium petroleum sulfonate | ≥8.5 | ≥390 |
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2) Alkyl phenol salts
Item | Metal content % | TBN /mgKOH/g | |
HY115B | Calcium alkyl phenols sulfide with high base value | ≥8.9 | ≥240 |
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- Salicylate
Item | Metal content % | TBN /mgKOH/g | |
HY109 | Medium base value calcium alkyl salicylate | 5.5—6.0 | ≥150 |
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A brief discussion on the cleaning agent of lubricating oil additive
With the development of industrial technology, modern equipment requirements of high speed, high performance, high automation, high efficiency and long life, in terms of lubrication simply with mineral oil lubrication materials has been difficult to meet. Adding a small amount of other substances to a lubricating material can improve its performance, give it new characteristics, to meet the increasingly harsh use environment, these substances are called lubricating oil additives.
Main function and classification of dispersant lubricant additive （2）
The oil soluble group provided by the dispersant is larger than the purifier, which can effectively prevent the accumulation of carbon and colloidal material together.
Main function and classification of dispersant lubricant additive （1）
In the early stage, the widely used detergent dispersants in internal combustion engine oil are metallic sulfonates, alkyl phenols, phosphonates and alkyl salicylate, which are called metal detergent dispersants. Subsequently developed a metal-free additive, it has excellent dispersion properties, in order to distinguish from the former, people called it ash-free powder.
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