Main function and classification of dispersant lubricant additive （2）
Release time:
2023-03-07
Main function and classification of dispersant lubricant additive （二）
III. Function of dispersant
1. Dispersion effect
The oil soluble group provided by the dispersant is larger than the purifier, which can effectively prevent the accumulation of carbon and colloidal material together. It can be 0 ~ 50nm sized particles by colloidal solution. These dispersants (succinimide) contain large polarity of ionization and disperse larger particles in the oil through charge repulsion. The alkyl molecular weight of the polymeric dispersant is very large, it can form a thick barrier film on the ions at many points, and the colloidal solution of up to 100nm particles, so the dispersant can effectively separate the particles from 0 ~ 100nm into the oil.
2. Solubilization
Liquid polar substances that are insoluble in oil are dispersed into oil by interaction with dispersants, such as the dissolution of solutes. The sludge of engine oil is generated after some oxidation products are polymerized and mixed with condensate water. These polymers increase the carbon accumulation of engine oil, which is attached to the tank to prevent the suction of the oil pump, thus blocking the filter screen. The dispersant can directly interact with the carbonyl group, carboxyl group, hydroxyl group, nitro group, sulfate ester and so on, and dissolve these polar groups. Succinimide dispersants have the ability to form micelles with the above insoluble liquids, and complex with them to form oil-soluble liquids and disperse in the oil. The solubilization effect of dispersant is the best, about 10 times higher than that of detergent.
It should be pointed out here that the polyene polyamine in dispersant also has a certain base value, which can also provide the total base value of the oil. Because the alkalinity of amine is weak alkalinity compared with the metal cleanser, it can not effectively neutralize the sulfuric acid and oxygen-containing acid generated after the combustion of oil products, there are still some acidic substances left over to cause corrosion of parts, so the alkali value provided by dispersant is not the real effective alkali value. The total alkalinity provided by the metal cleanser is effective. Lubrizol Company proved this point from the actual driving, although the total base value provided by the detergent and dispersant is relatively high, it can not slow down the growth rate of acid value in oil; While the total base value provided by the detergent alone is low, but the acid value of the oil is low.
IV. Succinimide
Succimide is one of the most widely used dispersants. It has been widely used since the 1960s. This additive was introduced at the 7th World Petroleum Conference. Succinimide has Mono-Succinimide (Mono-Succinimide), Bis-Succinimide (bis-Succinimide), Poly-Succinimide and High Molecular Weight dispersant Dispersant) depending on performance and usage. The low temperature dispersion of monosuccinimide is particularly good, which is mostly used in gasoline oil and diesel engine oil below APICC grade. Bis and dobutylimide have good thermal stability and are used more in supercharged diesel engine oil. The later development of High Molecular Weight Succinimide (High Molecular Weight Succinimide), not only the molecular size of PIB becomes larger, but also a PIB connected with about two maleic anhydride to adapt to the new development of advanced oil products requiring higher dispersion. The high molecular weight dispersant has good high temperature cleanness and sludge dispersion performance. It is used for high-grade internal combustion engine oil, and can also significantly reduce the amount of dispersant used for lower grade SE and SF oil. Monosuccinimide generally with molecular weight about 1300 polyisobutylene, bisand polysuccinimide with molecular weight about 1000 polyisobutylene, high molecular weight succinimide with molecular weight about 2000 polyisobutylene. The number of maleic anhydride, nitrogen content and molecular weight of PIB in the dispersant were investigated. The greater the viscosity of lubricating oil, the worse the dispersion, and vice versa. Or it was found that the higher the nitrogen content and the higher the average maleic anhydride content, the better the dispersion.
Succinimide is mainly used in internal combustion engine oil. The proper combination of succinimide and high base value detergent not only make up for each other's shortcomings, but also ensure the overall performance and have excellent synergy effect. That is, the two can form complex micelles, which can significantly enhance the solubilization under the stable action. Especially because of the strong neutralization capacity of the high base value metal detergent, it can timely neutralize those acidic oxidation products as the mother oil sludge, so as to protect the solubilizing ability of succinimide from being consumed by these products quickly, so that succinimide can fully maintain and play its role as a dispersant; At the same time, it maintains the strong dispersion ability of imide succinate, and can improve the stability of a large number of alkali components (CCaCO3 and other particles) in the oil of high alkali value metal cleaning agent, and is not easy to accelerate depletion due to precipitation in the process of use. So modern internal combustion engine oil, are high base value of the detergent and succinimide and other ash free agent appropriate compound.
Dispersants produced by Liaoning Hongyi Chemical Co., Ltd. mainly include Mono-Succinimide HY151 (Mono-Succinimide), Bis-Succinimide HY154 (BIS-Succinimide), polysuccinimide HY155 (Poly-Succinimide) and high molecular weight dispersant HY161 (High Molecular Weight Dispersant).
Product index：
Item | Composition | Base number | Nitrogen content |
HY151 | Mono-Succinimide | ≥40 | ≥2.0 |
HY154 | Bis-Succinimide | 15-30 | 1.1-1.3 |
HY155 | Poly-Succinimide | 15-30 | 0.8-1.0 |
HY161 | High Molecular Weight Dispersant | 15-30 | 1.0-1.1 |
In short, dispersant is generally used in modern automobile engine oil, the dosage of 1% ~ 6%, mainly control sludge. Adding the same amount of dispersant is particularly effective for smoke point control of automotive diesel engine oil. Railway locomotive oil requires good alkali reserve and high dispersion property, which needs to be provided by adding dispersant. Medium speed cylinder piston engine oil tends to use a smaller amount of dispersant, generally adding 2% to 4%; At present, Marine cylinder oil has begun to use a small amount of dispersant, the addition of dispersant can not only improve the clean dispersability of Marine cylinder oil, but also greatly reduce the addition of high alkaline additives, reducing the cost. Two-stroke gasoline engine oil is mixed with lubricating oil and fuel oil, too much metal detergent and antioxidant, easy to produce wear and ring bonding, in order to prevent the occurrence of such events, often use a separate special dispersant or combined with detergent. It should be proposed that the dispersant of succinimide type will increase the low temperature viscosity due to the low molecular polyisobutene group, which brings difficulties to the preparation of multistage oil. If the polymer dispersant (viscosity index improver) is added to replace part of the dispersant, it can not only improve the low temperature performance, but also provide enough low temperature dispersant.
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A brief discussion on the cleaning agent of lubricating oil additive
With the development of industrial technology, modern equipment requirements of high speed, high performance, high automation, high efficiency and long life, in terms of lubrication simply with mineral oil lubrication materials has been difficult to meet. Adding a small amount of other substances to a lubricating material can improve its performance, give it new characteristics, to meet the increasingly harsh use environment, these substances are called lubricating oil additives.
Main function and classification of dispersant lubricant additive （2）
The oil soluble group provided by the dispersant is larger than the purifier, which can effectively prevent the accumulation of carbon and colloidal material together.
Main function and classification of dispersant lubricant additive （1）
In the early stage, the widely used detergent dispersants in internal combustion engine oil are metallic sulfonates, alkyl phenols, phosphonates and alkyl salicylate, which are called metal detergent dispersants. Subsequently developed a metal-free additive, it has excellent dispersion properties, in order to distinguish from the former, people called it ash-free powder.
The effect of viscosity index improver on the fuel economy of gasoline engine oil. The high frequency reciprocating tester was used to simulate the friction of the engine, and the lubrication performance of gasoline engine oil was investigated by measuring the friction factor. The smaller the friction factor of gasoline engine oil, the better the lubricating performance and the more conducive to improving fuel economy. The friction torque of gasoline engine oil was measured by engine drag test and compared with the friction torque of reference oil. The greater the torque difference (torque difference = the average value of the friction torque of the reference oil - the friction torque of the gasoline engine oil), the better the fuel economy of the gasoline engine oil. The friction coefficient of gasoline engine oil of 0W-20 viscosity grade prepared with polymethacrylate with smaller kinematic viscosity (kinematic viscosity at 100 ℃ of 890 mm2/s) and better shear stability (shear stability index 5) is higher than that of gasoline engine oil. Small, large torque difference, with better fuel economy. According to NEDC (New European Driving Cycle) simulation cycle test fuel consumption calculation, it can improve fuel economy by 0.28%. According to the "Passenger Vehicle Fuel Consumption Limits" issued by the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology: GB16578-2014 and "Passenger Vehicle Fuel Consumption Evaluation Methods and Indicators": GB27999-2014 mandatory standards, by 2020, all passenger vehicles will be The average fuel consumption of 100km must be reduced to 5.0L, so saving fuel and reducing fuel consumption is the general trend of the current automobile industry development. In order to reduce fuel consumption and improve fuel economy, in addition to improving the design of the engine, it is also an effective way to improve the lubrication state between the friction parts of the engine. Generally speaking, during the operation of the engine, the bearing parts are mainly in the state of elastic fluid lubrication, while the parts such as the valve train, piston and cylinder liner are mainly in the state of boundary lubrication and mixed lubrication. For fluid lubrication state, choosing low-viscosity gasoline engine oil can reduce friction loss; for boundary lubrication state, adding friction modifier to engine oil is a more effective method to reduce friction loss. For the mixed lubrication state, it is necessary to comprehensively consider the optimization of the viscosity characteristics and friction characteristics of gasoline engine oil. In order to improve the fuel economy of passenger cars, it is necessary to study the effect of gasoline engine oil components on fuel economy. As an additive that can improve the viscosity-temperature properties of lubricating oils, viscosity index improvers have been widely used in engine oils. Commonly used viscosity index improvers are hydrogenated styrene diene copolymer (HSD for short), olefin copolymer (OCP for short), polymethacrylate (PMA for short), hydrogenated styrene-isoprene copolymer (SDC) And polyisobutylene (PIB) etc. The overall performance of OCP and HSD is better, but HSD has better shear resistance than OCP, and is more commonly used in high-grade gasoline engine oil. PMA has the characteristics of improving the low temperature performance of gasoline engine oil and increasing the viscosity index, and is also widely used in high performance gasoline engine oil. Some studies have reported that gasoline oil formulated with PMA viscosity index improver helps to form a boundary oil film on the metal surface under high temperature and low speed conditions, thereby significantly reducing friction and improving the fuel economy of gasoline oil.
The chemical properties of propylene are determined by its double bond and the hydrogen atom on the allyl group. In the molecular structure of propylene, only the projection on the main plane shows a low degree of symmetry, making it the smallest stable-state unsaturated hydrocarbon. This asymmetry is also manifested in the dipole moment of propylene is only 0.35D, which is prone to various types of chemical reactions. The carbon atoms at position 1 and 2 are the same as the molecular structure of ethylene. On the same triangular plane, they cannot rotate freely due to the existence of double bonds. The carbon atom at position 3 is in a tetrahedron like methane and can rotate freely. The hydrogen atom on it is attracted by the carbon atom. The hydrogen atom on the allyl group is the main reason that makes its chemical properties different from ethylene. Propylene molecules can undergo self-addition reactions. When phosphoric acid, boron fluoride or sulfuric acid are used as catalysts on solids, the reaction proceeds according to the carbanion mechanism. At low temperatures, the main product of propylene dimerization is 4-methyl- 2-pentene. For example, alkyl alkali metal and certain alkali metal compounds are used as catalysts to dimerize propylene. The reaction proceeds in the direction of carbanion, and the product is mainly 4-methyl-1-pentene. Due to the asymmetry of the propylene molecule, the displacement of the double bond and the conversion of the cis-trans structure at the same time, the product composition may include various hexene isomers and olefins above C6. C6 olefins can be used as raw materials for synthetic polymers, gasoline blending agents, etc. [4]. Propylene is oligomerized on an acid catalyst to produce nonene and dodecene. When propylene is co-oligomerized with a mixture of butene, the polymer contains a large amount of heptene. Using aluminum alkyl and titanium trichloride as catalysts or metallocene and methylaluminoxane as catalysts, propylene polymerization is carried out in bulk, emulsion or gas phase at a certain temperature and pressure to obtain polypropylene.
Key points of methanol fire fighting
Mainly include: alcohol-resistant foam, dry powder, carbon dioxide, sand and so on. Fire fighting method: Move the container from the fire scene to an open place as much as possible. Spray water to keep the fire container cool until the end of the fire extinguishing. If the container in the fire scene has changed color or produces sound from the safety relief device, it must be evacuated immediately.
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